By Yalman Onaran, Michael J. Moore and Max Abelson
Ruth Porat didn’t see it coming.
The Morgan Stanley (MS) banker who thought she understood the risks to the financial system in September 2008 was advising the U.S. Treasury Department on its rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac when she got a message: Would she come back to Washington to deal with the collapse of American International Group Inc. (AIG)?
“The call I got was ‘We worked on the wrong thing,’” Porat, 55, said in an interview last month at the New York headquarters of the bank where she’s now chief financial officer. That AIG “could vanish that quickly and the impact that could have throughout the country, and that nobody could see it coming, was just staggering.”
Porat’s own bank almost vanished when hedge funds, spooked by difficulties getting money out of bankrupt Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., pulled more than $128 billion in two weeks from Morgan Stanley. To stay afloat it sold a 20 percent stake, became a bank holding company and borrowed $107.3 billion from the Federal Reserve on a single day.
Five years after Lehman Brothers sank on Sept. 15, 2008, triggering the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, Morgan Stanley is safe enough to survive a shock that devastating, Porat said. She and Chief Executive Officer James Gorman, with prodding from regulators, led a drive to cut risk and boost capital to soften the next blow….